
Drug suffixes in pharmacology: what stems tell you
Stems are assigned by mechanism, so -olol, -pril and -sartan predict the target before you memorise anything. How the system works and exactly where it stops.

PharmBit publishes this post and PharmBit is one of the nine apps listed. We have placed it fourth, where we think it honestly sits. Nothing on this list is a paid placement and no company reviewed this article before publication.
Short answer: Anki remains the most capable pharmacology tool available and the most demanding to set up. Sketchy and Picmonic are the strongest options if visual mnemonics suit you. Everything else on this list is a trade between how much the app teaches, how much it costs, and how much work it leaves to you.
Roundups usually rank apps by feature count, which tells you almost nothing about whether you will remember anything in three weeks. We judged on five questions instead. Two of them concern scheduling, because spaced repetition has actually been studied in medical pharmacology rather than simply assumed to work. In one mixed-methods study published in BMC Medical Education, researchers built a 1,208-card spaced-repetition deck covering 156 drug classes and gave it to 100 preclinical medical students. Only half the cohort had been revising regularly beforehand, yet 83 per cent took up the prepared deck [1]. The lesson is not that flashcards are magic. It is that students adopt a scheduling system when somebody else has already built it, which is exactly the setup cost that separates the apps below.
Prices and features below were checked in September 2026. Subscription pricing in this category changes often, so treat every figure as a starting point and confirm it before you buy. Where a company does not publish its pricing openly, we say so rather than guessing.
| App | Best for | Explains mechanism | Schedules review | Cost model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anki | Maximum control, zero budget | No | Yes, once configured | Free except iOS |
| Sketchy | Keeping drug classes distinct | Partly | Yes | Subscription |
| Picmonic | Short mnemonic units | Partly | Yes | Subscription |
| PharmBit | Understanding the mechanism first | Yes | Yes | Free reading, Pro tier |
| RxFlip | Top 250 brand and generic recall | No | Yes | App purchase |
| Quizlet | Finding a course-specific deck fast | No | Limited | Freemium |
| Osmosis | Broad medical foundations | Partly | Yes | Subscription |
| UWorld RxPrep | Final NAPLEX question practice | No | No | Premium subscription |
| Medscape / Epocrates | Looking a drug up on placement | No | No | Free or freemium |
The middle two columns are where most roundups go quiet, and they are the ones that decide whether you still remember a drug class in three weeks. An app that schedules review but never explains a mechanism will keep you retrieving a fact you never understood, which is why so many students drill flashcards for months and still freeze on an applied question.
Best for: students with more time than money who want the highest possible ceiling.
Anki is open-source spaced repetition software, free on Windows, Mac, Linux and Android, with a paid iPhone and iPad app whose purchase funds development. It handles decks well beyond a hundred thousand cards, syncs free across devices, and extends through community add-ons.
The common objection to Anki is that you have to build everything yourself, and that objection is now mostly wrong. The AnKing Overhaul deck carries thousands of tagged pharmacology cards, and standalone Top 200 and Top 300 drug decks circulate freely. The real cost is not authorship, it is curation: finding a deck that matches your syllabus, deleting what it over-covers, and resisting the urge to keep tuning settings instead of reviewing. Anki also tests recall without ever explaining a mechanism. If your deck says a drug causes a side effect and you do not know why, Anki will not tell you.
Best for: visual learners who need drug classes to stop blurring together.
Sketchy teaches through elaborate illustrated scenes where each visual element encodes a fact, a technique descended from the method of loci. For pharmacology specifically it is very effective at the thing students find hardest, which is keeping large drug classes distinct from one another. Programs cover Medical, MCAT, PA and NP, with a Pharmacy track available.
Sketchy states it is trusted by more than 500,000 students and publishes claims including that 9 out of 10 students score better on exams. Those figures are self-reported rather than independently audited, which is worth knowing when comparing them against other marketing numbers. As of September 2026 All Access plans for the Medical track run $349.99 for 6 months, $449.99 for 12 months and $649.99 for 24 months, with a Cases-only tier at $19.99 monthly or $119.99 annually. Free trials are offered. The recurring student complaint is video length: the scenes take time to watch, and time is what you have least of before an exam.
Best for: mnemonic learners who want shorter units than Sketchy offers.
Picmonic uses audiovisual mnemonic stories of a few minutes each, followed by multiple-choice questions, with a spaced repetition algorithm scheduling when each story returns. It runs separate tracks for pharmacy, nursing, medicine, PA and NP, so the content you see is filtered to your programme rather than a general medical library.
Picmonic does not publish its tier pricing openly on its pharmacy page, which lists promotional discounts rather than standard rates, so you will need to start a purchase flow to see what you would actually pay. The mnemonic approach has the same structural limitation as Sketchy: it is superb for retrieving a list and weaker at explaining why the list is what it is.
Best for: students who keep forgetting drug facts because they never understood the mechanism underneath.
This is our app, so read this entry with that in mind. PharmBit teaches mechanism first: what the drug changes in normal physiology, and then the clinical effects, adverse effects and interactions that follow from that same change. The aim is that a side effect becomes something you can derive rather than something you have to store separately. It covers more than 500 drugs, schedules review for you, and is built around five minutes a day rather than long sessions. Exam tracks cover NAPLEX, PEBC, GPhC CRA, OPRA and PCN.
Where it does not win: it is newer and smaller than everything above it on this list, its question bank is not the size of UWorld’s, and if you are a strongly visual learner the mnemonic-led apps will probably suit you better. Reading is free, with a Pro trial for the drill and exam features. See how to study pharmacology for the method it is built on.
Mechanism-first pharmacology, five minutes a day, on the PharmBit app. Or try the free practice questions first.
Best for: drilling the top 250 drugs before a board exam.
RxFlip is an adaptive flashcard and quiz app from ClinCalc, designed by a board-certified pharmacist and professor of pharmacy practice, and released in 2025 as the successor to FlashRX. Its drug list is generated from the ClinCalc DrugStats database, so the selection reflects actual prescribing volume rather than an author’s preference. It covers brand and generic names, classes, indications, adverse effects and dosing, includes audio pronunciations, and uses an adaptive spaced repetition algorithm that concentrates on facts you have not yet mastered.
The scope is deliberately narrow. Two hundred and fifty drugs is the right answer for brand and generic recall and the wrong tool for understanding a mechanism in any depth.
Best for: finding a deck for a specific course at short notice.
Quizlet’s advantage is sheer volume of user-generated sets, including decks made for specific universities and specific modules. Its disadvantage is the same fact stated differently: nobody has checked them. Pharmacology is an unusually bad subject in which to study from an unvetted deck, because a single wrong receptor or reversed contraindication will be reinforced by exactly the repetition that makes the tool work. If you use Quizlet, check it against a real source before you commit anything to memory.
Best for: broad medical foundations rather than pharmacology specifically.
Osmosis offers well-produced videos across a wide medical curriculum with per-profession plans and a free trial period. For pharmacology it is a module inside a much larger library, which means the coverage is reliable but rarely deep enough on its own for a pharmacy programme. It suits a medical student wanting pharmacology in context better than a pharmacy student wanting pharmacology in detail.
Best for: final NAPLEX preparation once you already understand the material.
UWorld RxPrep is the established question bank for NAPLEX and related licensure exams, with a large bank of exam-style questions and detailed explanations. It is the most expensive option here by a considerable margin, and it is a testing tool rather than a teaching one. Candidates who arrive at it without a working grasp of mechanism tend to find it brutal. Before buying any question bank, read the official content outline from the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, which sets what the NAPLEX actually assesses, then see our NAPLEX preparation guide for how it fits into a study timeline.
Best for: looking something up, not learning it.
These belong in a different category and are included because almost every roundup lists them alongside study apps, which misleads students. They are drug references built for clinical practice: dosing, interactions, contraindications, pill identification. Medscape is free and reliable. None of them is designed to build durable recall, and none of them schedules review. Keep one on your phone for placement and do not mistake it for a study tool.
The most common mistake is running four apps badly rather than two well. A workable combination is one tool that explains mechanisms and one that drills volume, and nothing else until something demonstrably fails.
If money is the binding constraint, that is Anki plus a vetted community deck, and the cost is the evening you spend curating it. If time is the binding constraint, it is an authored app plus a question bank close to the exam. If you are a visual learner, put Sketchy or Picmonic in the first slot. If you keep forgetting facts you technically learned, the missing piece is usually mechanism rather than repetition, and more flashcards will not fix it.
Whichever pair you land on, the sequence that works is the same: understand the mechanism, then drill it, then test it under exam conditions. One finding should shape how you drill. A systematic review of 56 studies in health professions education found that retrieval methods with higher cognitive demand, meaning short-answer and free-recall questions, produced stronger benefits than recognition-based formats, and that expanding spacing intervals outperformed equal or contracting ones [2]. Most study apps test recognition, because multiple choice is easy to build and easy to grade, yet recognition is the weaker form of retrieval. When comparing two apps that both claim spaced repetition, ask which one makes you produce the answer rather than pick it.
No single pharmacology app wins on every axis, because the apps are solving different problems. Anki sells you control and charges you setup time, so it suits students with time to spend. Sketchy and Picmonic sell you encoding, which keeps drug classes distinct but stops short of explaining why a class behaves as it does. Question banks such as UWorld RxPrep sell you assessment, which only pays off once the underlying pharmacology is already in place. Decide which of those three problems is actually blocking you, pick the one tool that solves it, add a second only when something demonstrably fails, and ignore the rest.
Whichever app you settle on, the calculations still have to become automatic: our free pharmacy calculators gives the formula, a worked example and the mistake that costs most marks.
Anki, by a wide margin. It is free on desktop and Android, and free community decks such as the AnKing Overhaul and the standalone Top 200 and Top 300 drug decks cover a large amount of pharmacology. The cost is your time: you have to find, vet and maintain the decks yourself.
It depends on which resource you are short of. Anki costs money only on iOS but demands hours of setup and deck curation. Paid apps sell you that curation back. If you have more time than money, Anki wins. If you have more money than time, an authored app wins.
Most students end up with two: one for learning mechanisms and one for high-volume drill or question practice. Running more than two usually means you are review-shopping rather than reviewing.
They are excellent references and poor teachers. Medscape, Epocrates and Lexicomp are built for lookup during practice, not for building durable recall. Use them to check a fact, not to learn one.
UWorld RxPrep is the established question bank for NAPLEX and is what most candidates use for final exam simulation. It is also the most expensive option on this list, and it assumes you already understand the pharmacology it tests.
For study only. This post compares study tools for exam preparation. It is not medical advice, and it is not an endorsement of any product’s clinical content. Always follow your course materials, formulary, and supervisor guidance for clinical decisions.
Understanding why beats memorizing what. One mechanism explained properly, every day.
Free to download. 7-day Pro trial. No credit card.